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WOLF Hugo

WOLF Hugo

WOLF Hugo, full name Hugo Philipp Jakob Wolf, composer (13 March 1860, Slovenj Gradec/Windischgrätz, Slovenia † 22 February 1903, Vienna, Austria).

Both parents (Katherina Orehovnik and Philipp Wolf) had Slovenian ancestors. Simultaneously with the expansion of the leather craft and the ascent on the social ladder, they experienced the then normal process of Germanization. Wolf, family name - found it easier to establish themselves in the predominantly German market town with the surname Wolf. He had 3 sisters and 2 brothers.

In fact, he only had elementary school done. From his father, who was a passionate musician, Hugo learned to play the violin and piano. He dropped out of school in Maribor (Slovenia) after two years. After an unfortunate schooling in Graz and the monastery gymnasium of St. Paul in the Labot valley, it turned out that he had no other abilities than music, so in 1875 he went to the Vienna Conservatory, where his classmate was Gustav Mahler. He seems to have learned very little and was expelled in 1877 for a disciplinary offense. From the age of seventeen onwards, he was dependent on himself for his music education. He moved to Slovenj Gradec again, where in the summer of 1877 the first cycle of choral songs and solo songs (Wanderlied) took place. In November 1877 he returned to Vienna, where at the age of eighteen he contracted a syphilis infection, which marked his life and work until his death in 1903. With piano lessons and financial support of his father, he lived in Vienna for many years. In 1881 he took a job as an assistant conductor at the Salzburg City Theater / Salzburger Stadttheater, Austria, but resigned after three months and was never hired as a musician again.

In 1884, Wolf became a music critic at the tabloid newspaper Wiener Salonblatt, where he was an ardent admirer of Wagner and criticized Brahms. In 1887 he published twelve of his poems, resigned his position at the newspaper, and devoted himself to composing. For the next nine years, his fame as a composer was at its peak. It was a hundred years of intense creation and a period of mental and physical exhaustion when there were times when he couldn’t listen to music.

Wolf suffered from extreme poverty until his death, which was a heavy burden for him due to his poor health and pride, sensitive and nervous temperament. The income came almost exclusively from the persistent efforts of a small group of friends, music critics and singers who performed his songs, the support of the Viennese academic society Wagner and the founding of the Hugo Wolf Association in 1897 with Michael Haberlandt in Vienna.

In September 1897 he had to be hospitalized because of syphilis. On January 24, 1898, he was healed and he left the sanatorium. Wolf spent the summer of the same year in the Adriatic and then in Traunkirchen in Upper Austria. After a suicide attempt at Traunsee, he was admitted to the best ward of the Lower Austrian State Mental Hospital in Vienna, Austria, where he died on February 22, 1903, after four years of suffering. His grave is in Vienna's Central Cemetery (Group 32 A, No. 10).



In 1888 he created the first of the immortal solo songs with the lyrics by Eduard Friedrich Mörike, and in that year he set to music as many as forty-three. This was followed by several concert evenings with his solo songs. In 1889, the first songs from the monumental Goethe cycle were written, as well as by Nikolaus Lenau, Heinrich Heine and Joseph von Eichendorff. In 1890 he traveled several times to Germany, where he made a circle of important acquaintances (eg Ludwig Strecker, head of the important publishing house Schott, which published songbooks that allow Wolf to penetrate the general music public. Then the Corregidor, after Alarcon's Spanish short story, is published in 1895. Wolf wrote about 300 compositions, and was not properly received by the audience until 1902-1906 (posthumously).


Some of his most important (choral) works are:

Die Stimme des Kindes, op. 10 for four-part mixed choir with piano accompaniment [1876] is the earliest work

3 Lieder, Op.13 (1867) for male choir

1. Im Sommer (Jacobi). Wie Feld und Au

2. Geistesgruß (Goethe). Hoch auf dem alten Turme

3. Mailied (Goethe). Zwischen Weizen und Korn

3 Chöre (1867)

1. Fröhliche Fahrt (Hoefer). Glücklich, wer zum Liebchen zieht. für gemischten Chor a cappella

2. Im stillen Friedhof (Pfau). Wenn ich im stillen Friedhof geh'. für Soli, gemischten Chor und Klavier

3. Grablied (Lorenzi). Wach' auf, erwache wieder. für gemischten Chor a cappella

Sechs geistliche Lieder nach Gedichten von Joseph v. Eichendorff [1881] for four-part mixed choir (SATB) unaccompanied

1. Aufblick / Looking upwards: Vergeht mir der Himmel vor Staube schier / In dust and confusion

2. Einklang / Harmony: Weil jetzo alles stille ist / The world around is still

3. Resignation / Resignations: Komm, Trost der Welt /Come, thou, world's comfort

4. Letzte Bitte / Last prayer: Wie ein todeswunder Streiter / As a fighter, gravely wounded

5. Ergebung / Submisson: Dein Wille, Herr, geschehe / Thy will, o Lord, be rendered

6. Erhebung / Exaltation: So lass herein nun brechen die Brandung / Now let the breakers' fury

Der Corregidor - an opera in four acts, was successfully premiered in 1896 in Mannheim

Der Feuerrreiter (Eduard Mörike; 1888-1892) for mixed choir (SATB) and orchestra

Elfenlied (text by W. Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream; 1889-1891) for solo soprano, women's choir (SSAA) and orchestra

Christmas Eve (August von Platen) f. solo, mixed choir and large orchestra (1886-1889)

Elfen Lied (Shakespeare, translated by August Wilhelm Schlegel) f. soprano solo, female choir and orchestra (1889-1891)

Der Feuerreiter (Mörike) for mixed choir and orchestra (1892)

Dem Vaterland (Reinick) for male choir and orchestra (1890-1898)

Morgenhymnus (Reinick) for mixed choir and orchestra (1897)

Spring Chorus / Frühlingschor from the unfinished opera Manuel Venegas (Moriz Hoernes) for mes

Author: WOLF Hugo
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